In my opinion, the appropriate response to the 35,000+ yearly US traffic deaths would be draconian enforcement and peanalties for traffic violations.
Sloaps is right about taking away the car. Even a slight chance of having to call a friend to pick you up because you were going 20 miles over the speed limit, violated an occupied crosswalk, or cruised through a red light would change things.
Realisticly? In a democratic society, it won't happen until bike trips are well over 10% of all trffic trips.
Even then, we can expect serious rage if the Ebil Gubment starts taking away cars when bike-riding liberals whine over silly stuff like being killed.