I think that the study in question (http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/pubs/top_profiles/2009/Transit_Profiles_Top%2050%20Agencies.pdf) is definitely worth reading through. For me the most telling section is in the review comments, where one critic writes the following:
"The authors of this Cochrane Review (Thompson, Rivara, Thompson, 2000) are well known as advocates for cycle helmet wearing, but we have a right to expect more care and scruples if they wish to persuade us that they are also dispassionate scientists. By reference to
?ve case-control studies from around the world comparing the degree of trauma from head injury following a road crash among cyclists wearing and not wearing a safety helmet, they have concluded that bicycle riders of all ages should be encouraged to wear helmets.
I also conducted a broad-ranging review of evidence on this subject (Hillman 1993). It concurred with the obvious judgement, con?rmedin hospital-based studies that, if cyclists fall off their bicycles, or are knocked off them in a collision with a motor vehicle, helmetedheads are very likely to be less seriously damaged. No one is denying that.
2. What is at issue, however, is whether the wearing of a helmet in?uences cyclists’ behaviour, thereby affecting the likelihood of them being involved in such an incident in the ?rst place."
There are two basic claims here:
1. In the case of an individual accident, helmet use reduces the likelihood of injury.
2. A policy promoting/requiring helmet use will decrease injuries in the population as a whole.
1. seems to me to obviously true, and is the core finding of the above linked paper. The answer to 2. is the one that seems less clear and more up for debate. But the fact that this second question is debatable is in no way a reason for an individual to stop wearing a helmet.
In the end, the reason I wear a helmet is simple: when I ride a bike, there is a non-trivial chance that an event will occur in which a helmet will save me from serious injury (in fact, it has happened). I don't feel that way about driving or walking, although I'm pretty sure I do feel that way about skiing now, and I wonder why I ever skied without a helmet.