phil hubs!
sheldon brown recommends a minimum of 32 spokes in the rear, and says that 24 is a scam to make you think you're getting a better racier product when what you're really getting is a crappier wheel for more money. i don't know what the current consensus is, and since i don't race, the durability of the wheel is more important to me.
the sound that i assume you're referring to is the freewheel/freehub ratcheting. i've got a few decent shimano road hubs that are loud as all get out and a huffy that's dead silent and vice versa. i don't know how higher end hubs tend to sound, but i would guess you can get it both ways. it doesn't mean anything.
if $300 is your rim budget, you can surely get a better set than alex r500, but those ain't so bad, near as i know.